英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件
在完成時(shí)表示到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為止（或到現(xiàn)在為止）已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了（不一定結(jié)束）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。下面是小編為大家推薦現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件的內(nèi)容，希望能夠幫助到你，歡迎大家的閱讀參考。
一、引入：-Did you visit Beijing before?-Yes, I did.-No, I didn’t.
Have you ever visited Beijing?Yes, I ________.No,I ________.
Have you ever been to Beijing?Yes, I ________.No,I ________.
二、定義:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或仍在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或聯(lián)系。
三、結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+p.p.(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)
接觸一：肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）＋過(guò)去分詞”。如：
①We have just finished our homework．
②She has gone home．
注意：
1）該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，其它人稱(chēng)一律用have。
2）該句式中have（has）和過(guò)去分詞之間可用just插入。
3）把該句式譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過(guò)”或“了”等。
接觸二：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋過(guò)去分詞”。如：
⑥We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．
⑦The train hasn't stopped yet．
接觸三：疑問(wèn)句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。
③Have you read this story book yet？
特殊疑問(wèn)句及反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
④What have you done with my bike?
⑤You've read this story book, haven't you?
注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句往往在句末加yet。
2）把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，
往往譯成“……過(guò)嗎？”、“已經(jīng)……了嗎？”等。
3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，
否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有時(shí)用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。
四、過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則＋ed）
1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed2）likedlivedmoved
3）stoppeddroppedrobbedplanned，preferred4）carried，worried，tried，cried
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與一些詞、詞組連用:
1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已經(jīng)）、
yet（仍、還）、just（剛剛）、before（以前)
2、for +一段時(shí)間:for two days有兩天了
3. in the past/last＋一段時(shí)間:in the past ten years在剛過(guò)去的十年里
4. since +過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間:since 1991 :自從1991年到現(xiàn)在
一段時(shí)間+ agosince 14 years ago:自從14年前到現(xiàn)在
一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子:since I was born :自從我出生到現(xiàn)在
already, yet, ever, never, just的用法
Already肯定句，強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)的意,放句中或句末.
I have already finished my homework.
= I have finished my homework already.
yet否定句、問(wèn)句，表示還沒(méi)，沒(méi)有的意思,放句末
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet?
ever問(wèn)句，表示曾經(jīng)的意思Has John ever been to Zhuhai?
never含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒(méi)的意思He has never been to China.
just肯定句，表示剛剛的意思I have just come back from China.
練習(xí)：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空
1.Have you seen the film ()?
2.Have you done your homework ()?-Not (), I will do it after supper.
3.Have you () been to England?-no, ().
4.I have () finished reading the book.
5.I have () paid for the car.
for, since及how long
For +時(shí)間段：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
Joey has been in New York for 10 years.
Since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)（具體時(shí)間/ … ago/某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間）：
表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的，間接地表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間
Joey has been in New York since 1996.
Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.
Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.
兩者都可以回答由How long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題。
How long has Joey been in New York?
練習(xí)：用for, since及how long填空
1.The wind has blown () 2 hours.
2.The dog has stayed there () it ate its dinner.
3.() has the old man lain in bed?
4.The teacher has thought about the problem () yesterday.
5.The horse has run () quite a long time.
6.The ducks have swum () thirty minutes.
7.The poor child has worn the old clothes () 7 years old.
六、have been to, have gone to
Have (has) been to表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（通常現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）
My mother has been to London twice.媽媽去過(guò)兩次倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，在家）
Have (has) gone to表示已經(jīng)去了某地（通常不在說(shuō)話(huà)的地方）
My mother has gone to London.媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在就在倫敦，不在家）
練習(xí)：
1.Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.
2.Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?
3.My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.
4.It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.
5.The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.
6.The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.
have been to,have been in,have been
Have been to去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在不在那里I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.
Have been in一直呆在某地，后接地點(diǎn)
I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.
Have been后接名詞和表狀態(tài)的詞組I have been a teacher since 2004.
I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.
練習(xí)：
1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?
B:He ______________the school library.
2.The Greens _____________China for three years.
We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
1.Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.
2.Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.
3.My father has ______________Guangdong several times.
4.It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.
5.He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.
6.Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.
7.Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.
8.Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.
9.The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.
七、瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的`區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；
瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
Hehas completedthe work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)
Juliahas borrowedthe book.Julia已經(jīng)借了那本書(shū)。
I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
Julia has kept the book for 3 days.Julia已借了三天這本書(shū)了。
用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……”瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示“到…才…”
Hedidn‘tcome backuntil ten o’clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。
He sleptuntilten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.
1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
buy– havecatch(get) a cold –have a coldborrow—keepCome/go /become—be
put on-- wear
2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞
join the army – be a soldier
Join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be deadfinish – be overbegin—be on
leave—be awayfall sleep – be asleepclose – be closed
4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語(yǔ)
go to school– be in schooljoin the army – be in the army
1.我們買(mǎi)這本書(shū)三年了.
We have had the book for three years.
We bought the book three years ago
2.他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
1. His uncle ____________ (die) for two years.
2.He left his hometown three years ago.(改為同義句)
He ________ _______ _________ _______ his hometown for three years.
瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的練習(xí)
判斷正誤：
1.Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.
2.Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.
3.Jeff hasn’t had a day off since last Monday.
4.Normanhas put the machine right for a few hours.
5.The students have finished the homework for a while.
6.The front door has been open for 8 hours already.
7.The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.
8.Berryhas been late for school several times this term.
9.I have met Philip once.
10.The Greens have eaten the supper for two hours.
八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間連用,而過(guò)去時(shí)可以.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常和過(guò)去時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用。
1.He ____________(work) in our school for one year.
2.He ______(come) to our school last year/in 2002.
3.They _______________(cook) the supper already.
4.They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.
練習(xí)：Finish the sentences with the correct tenses:
A city ________(be) born beside the Pearl River2000 years ago. Laterit__________ (become) bigger and more important. It _______________ (change) a lotin the last few years. Nowthe Baiyun Hills,Tianhe and Fangcun_______________(be) parts of the City. Baiyun hotel ___________(be) once the tallest building in China.But nowmany buildings _________ ( be) much taller than it . People in Guangzhou ____________(build) many new buildingsthese years. In its long life, the city ___________(have) four names.Do you know what are they ?
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