M6 Unit 2 單詞導(dǎo)學(xué)
編寫(xiě)人：支明
一、Analysis and explanation
1. injure (vt.) ①使受傷，弄傷，損傷，損害 ②傷害（名譽(yù)、自尊等）
The boy injured his leg while playing basketball.
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.
injured: (adj.) 受傷的，被傷害的，感情受傷的
eg. injured looks ______________ in an injured voice ______________
the dead and the ___________ 死者及傷者
injury: (n.) ①傷害，損害
eg. It’s a severe injury to his reputation. ____________________________
do sb. an injury 傷害某人
②傷，傷口
eg. The nurse is dressing his injuries. ____________________________
辨析：injure, wound, hurt
① injure 一般指由于意外或事故中受傷，指一時(shí)難愈之傷。
② wound 指外傷，如刀傷、槍傷、劍傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)斗，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷
③ hurt “受傷”的一般用法，既可指肉體上的傷害，亦可指感情上的傷害，作vi. 時(shí)； 意為“疼，疼痛”
2. struggle vi. & n. 努力，奮斗，掙扎，搏斗，抗?fàn)?/p>
①vi. for sth. 為（爭(zhēng)�。鴬^斗，抗?fàn)?/p>
struggle against/ with sth. 與/和……做斗爭(zhēng)/抗?fàn)?/p>
to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)
eg. The thief struggled in the policeman’s arms.
選介詞填空：
struggle ____________ difficulties 與困難搏斗
struggle ____________ power 爭(zhēng)奪權(quán)力
②n. the struggle for freedom/existence 為自由奮斗，生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
not surrender without a ________________未經(jīng)奮戰(zhàn)不投降
With a____________, he controlled his feelings.
We should keep confident __________________ life. (在與……的抗?fàn)幹?
3. disability n. 殘疾，無(wú)能，無(wú)力
disable vt. 使無(wú)能，使殘疾
disabled adj. 殘疾的
able (adj.) 有能力的→enable(vt.)使能夠→ability(n.)能力
4. in hospital 住院
eg. He is in hospital.
in hospital 住院 in church__________ in office ____________
比較
in the hospital _________ in the church________ in the office__________
5. apart adj.& adv. ①分開(kāi)的，分離的
eg. The 2 houses are 500 metres ____________. 這兩棟房子相距500m.
②和tell或know連用，意為“區(qū)別，分別”
eg. I can’t tell these two things apart. _______________________________
③apart from (1)遠(yuǎn)離，和……不在一起；(2)除……之外（尚有）；⑶除……之外（無(wú)）同except，同besides, as well as, in addition to
寫(xiě)出橫線處漢語(yǔ)意思：
①Apart from the cost, the Color of the hat doesn’t suit me. ( )
②I have finished apart from the last question. ( )
③Lucy has been accepted by Oxford University, so she had to live apart from her parents.
( )
6. simply adv. 僅僅，只不過(guò)；簡(jiǎn)單地；確定
指出下列句中simply的含義：
①The book explains grammar simply & clearly. ( )
②Simply add hot water & stir(攪動(dòng)). ( )
③That is simply not true. ( )
simple adj. ①簡(jiǎn)單的，簡(jiǎn)易的 ②簡(jiǎn)樸的，單純的
simplify vt. 簡(jiǎn)化 simplified Chinese characters ______________
7. dedicated adj. 投入的，專注的，獻(xiàn)身的
搭配：be dedicated to sth./doing sth.
eg. She is dedicated to ___________(write) her novel.
dedicate (vt.) oneself / sth. to sth./doing sth. 獻(xiàn)身某人自己/某物在，某事上/做某事上
8. devote vt. 投入，獻(xiàn)身
devote (oneself/time/money/energy) to (sb./sth./doing sth.)投身于……，獻(xiàn)身于……
eg. He devoted herself to his career.
Every year the millionaire devotes much money to__________ (protect) the environment.
9. rush ①vt. 緊急送往；使沖向；倉(cāng)促行事
rush sb. to s.p. 緊急送某人到某地 rush s.p. 沖向某地
rush (sb.) into doing sth. 使（某人）倉(cāng)促做某事
More soldiers were rushed to the front. ____________________________________
Fans rushed the stage after the concert. ____________________________________
②n. a rush on/ for sth. 急需……
There is a rush for medicine in the flooded area.
in a rush 急忙，匆忙 rush hour （上下班的）交通高峰期
eg. I can’t stop. I’m in a rush.
10. severe adj. 嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的
be severe with sb. 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格
be severe on/ upon sb./ sth. 對(duì)……很?chē)?yán)厲的
severe loss/ looks 嚴(yán)重的損失/嚴(yán)肅的神色
11. cheer ①vt.& vi. （使）高興，使振奮
eg. The good news cheered everybody.
cheer(sb./sth.)up （使）高興起來(lái)，（使）振作起來(lái)
eg. I cheered up at the news.
②n. [c] 歡呼，喝彩； [u]愉快，高興，振奮
You can hear the _______ of the crowd miles away from the football ground.(cheer, cheers)
He is full of __________ in summer.(cheer, cheers)
cheers n. （用于祝酒）干杯，告辭，再見(jiàn)
cheerful adj. 快樂(lè)的，高興的
12. spirits 通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思是“精神狀態(tài)，情緒，心境”
in good spirits 情緒好，精神狀態(tài)飽滿 in high spirits 情緒高昂
in low/ poor spirits 情緒低落 raise sb’s spirits 鼓舞某人的情緒
比較：spirit n. 精神；勇氣，意志，心態(tài)
13. accomplish vt. 完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)
eg. 計(jì)劃的第一部分已順利完成。
The first part of the plan _________ ________ safely ________.
accomplishment n. 完成，成就，成績(jī)，才藝
14. adapt vt.& vi. ①使適應(yīng)，使適合
adapt oneself to (sth./doing sth.) 使某人自己適應(yīng)于某事
adapt to sth. 適應(yīng)某事
eg. 他花了一個(gè)月才適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。
It ________ him a month to _________ himself ________ his new surroundings.
我們的眼睛慢慢地適應(yīng)了黑暗。
Our eyes slowly __________ __________ the dark.
②改寫(xiě)，改編 adapt sth. for sth. 改編……成為……
eg. This novel has been adapted for television. 這部小說(shuō)已經(jīng)被改編成電視節(jié)目。
adaptable adj. 能適應(yīng)的，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的；可改編的
adaptation n. 適應(yīng)，適應(yīng)性；改編本
15. optimistic adj. 樂(lè)觀的，有信心的
be optimistic about sth. 對(duì)……樂(lè)觀的
eg. 她對(duì)考試結(jié)果不樂(lè)觀。_____________________________________________
optimism n. 樂(lè)觀主義 optimist n. 樂(lè)觀的人，樂(lè)觀主義者
optimistically adv. 樂(lè)觀地
16. inspire vt. ①鼓舞，激勵(lì)
inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth.
用某事鼓舞某人
inspire sth. in sb.
eg. The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm. 演員們以熱情鼓舞著孩子們。
同義句改寫(xiě)：__________________________________________________________
②賦予某人靈感（尤指寫(xiě)作、繪畫(huà)、作曲等）；啟示，啟迪
inspire sb. (to sth.)
eg. His paintings were clearly inspired by Monet’s work.
他的繪畫(huà)顯然是受到了莫奈作品的啟示。
inspired adj. 受靈感啟示的；得自靈感的；有創(chuàng)作力的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；使人感興趣的；吸引人的
inspiration n. 靈感； 鼓舞或激勵(lì)人的人/物 （inspiration to/ for sb.）
eg. （諺）Genius is 10% inspiration & 90% perspiration.
_________________________________________________
17. courage n. 勇氣，膽量
encourage ______________ 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
discourage _________________ 阻止某人做某事
courageous adj. 勇敢的，無(wú)畏的
18. sympathy n. 同情；贊同，支持
feel/ have/ express (no/ little/ some) sympathy for/ towards sb. 對(duì)某人表示(不/一點(diǎn)兒/一些)同情
in sympathy with sb./ sth. 對(duì)某人/ 事表示支持/贊同，相應(yīng)發(fā)生，因……而出現(xiàn)
in/ with sympathy 同情地
out of sympathy with sb. / sth. 不贊成，不支持某人/事
eg. I feel no sympathy for Jane, it’s all her own fault.
________________________________________________
我確信她一定贊成你的建議。
I’m sure she will be ____________________ your proposal.
sympathetic adj. 表示同情的，出于同情的
19. arrange vi. & vt. 安排，整理，布置，排列，籌劃
sth.
sth. for sb./ sth. 為某人/事安排某事
arrange for sth. 為某事做安排
for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
with sb. to do /for sth. 與某人商促做某事/為某事與某人商促
that 主+(should )do 安排，商定
arrangement n.
20. allocate vt. 分配
sb. sth. 分配某物給某人/某單位
allocate sth. to sb./ sth.
sth. for sth. 分配某物作為……
eg. allocate funds for repair work 撥出經(jīng)費(fèi)作維修用
He allocated each of us our tasks. (同義句改寫(xiě))
________________________________________________________________-
sb.
21. be tired of sth. 對(duì)……感到厭倦，對(duì)……失去興趣=be bored with
doing
tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭 be tired out (某人) 精疲力竭
tired adj. 困倦的；疲倦的 tiring adj. 令人困倦的（修飾物）
tiresome adj. 討厭的，煩人的；令人厭倦的（可修飾人或物）
22. believe in sb./ God 相信某人，信任，信仰上帝
believe sb. 相信某人所說(shuō)的話 believe it or not 信不信由你
23. communicate vi. & vt. 交流，溝通，傳達(dá)、傳播、傳遞
communicate sth. to sb./ sth. 使某事被某人知曉，傳達(dá)事物給某人
communicate with sb. 和某人交流情況/ 交換消息
communicate a disease __________________
eg. 他急于把他的想法傳達(dá)給他的小組。
He was eager to ______________ his idea _____________ his group.
They communicated in sign language. ________________________
這部小說(shuō)寫(xiě)的是關(guān)于家庭成員彼此無(wú)法溝通的一個(gè)家庭。
The novel is about a family who can’t _________ __________each other.
communication n. be in communication with sb. 和某人交流
24. quit vt. & vi. 停止，放棄（pt. pp: quitted/ quit）
quit sth./ doing sth. be quit of sb. / sth. 擺脫某人/某事，脫離某人/事
eg. If I don’t get a pay rise, I’ll quit. _______________________________
我很想擺脫這個(gè)責(zé)任。 _______________________________
25. ahead of ①(時(shí)間、空間)在……的前面；②領(lǐng)先于……；③提前于……
④更早，更先進(jìn)于
寫(xiě)出劃線部分的漢語(yǔ)意思：
eg. ①His ideas were ahead of his time. ( )
②He went home ahead of time because of bad cold. ( )
③London is about 5 hours ahead of Now York. ( )
④Ahead of us is a supermarket. ( )
⑤Lucy was always well ahead of the rest of the class. ( )
26. at that point 在那時(shí)，在那個(gè)階段
eg. At that point, they were discussing an important task.
27. golden adj. 金色的；金的，黃金般的，極好的
a golden ring ______________ a golden opportunity ________________
golden days/age____________ golden wedding ________________
28. assist vt. 幫助，協(xié)助、援助
sb. in/ with sth. 比較： sb. in/with sth. sb.with sth.
assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人做某事 aid sb. in doing help sb.(to) do
sb. to do sb. to do
assistance n. 幫助，幫忙，援助 assistant n. 助手，助理
29. instant adj. ①即時(shí)的，方便的 ②立即的，立刻的（作定語(yǔ)）
③調(diào)制快速方便的，速成的
instant coffee ______________ an instant success _________________
n. 當(dāng)時(shí)，立刻，瞬間
I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her. 我一眼就認(rèn)出是她。
in an instant 馬上
instantly ①adv. 立刻，馬上，瞬即=at once/ immediately
②conj. 一……就……=as soon as
30. guarantee vt. 保證，擔(dān)保 n. （交易的）保證，保證書(shū)，保修單
sth.
sb. sth. 擔(dān)保某人某事
sth. to sb.
guarantee to do sth. 保證做某事
sb./sth. (to be)… 保證……是……
(sb./ sth.) against/ from… 保證……不……
that 從句
under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)
完成下列句子：
①The company ___________________________ for a year. 公司對(duì)這個(gè)鐘保修1年。
②I_________________________________ all my debts. 我保證償還他所有的債務(wù)。
③Tom ________________________ here tomorrow. 湯姆保證明天在這兒。
④I _____________________________ loss. 我保證你不受損失。
⑤I_________________that ____________________.我保證他會(huì)去的。
⑥Having much money doesn’t ________________________.擁有很有錢(qián)并不能保證你快樂(lè)。
guarantor 擔(dān)保人，保證人
guaranty n. （法律上）保證，保證書(shū)
二、單項(xiàng)選擇：
1. At least 203 miners were killed, 22________& 13__________ in a coal mine gas explosion Monday afternoon in Fuxin.
A. injuring; trapping B. injured; trapped
C. injured; trapping D. injuring; trapped
2. _________ the secret of nature, the young scientist has little time for entertainment.
A. Dedicated himself to bringing out B. Dedicated himself to bring out
C. Dedicated to bringing out D. Dedicating to bringing out
3. ________ a few faults, she was a trust-worthy teacher.
A. Apart B. Apart from C. Beside D. Besides
4. I can’t stop. I’m ________rush.
A. on B. on a C. in D. in a
5. I think you are too severe _________ the boy.
A. to B. on C. of D. toward
6. Give Mary a call; she needs _________ because she failed in the test.
A. to cheer up B. have cheered up C. cheer up D. cheered up
7. I wonder why Tom has been in low _________ recently; he is always a man of ________.
A. spirits; spirits B. spirit; spirit C. spirits; spirit D. spirit; spirits
8. Most of the time has gone by, but we only _________ one-third of our task.
A. accomplished B. are accomplishing
C. have accomplished D. accomplish
9. He failed to __________ himself to the new environment.
A. adopt B. adapt C. attach D. arrange
10. __________ by the hero’s deeds, the students study harder than before.
A. Inspire B. Inspired C. Inspiring D. To inspire
11. The disabled person was begging by the roadside & everyone who went there expressed sympathy __________ him.
A. for B. to C. at D. on
12. In the old days of China, children’s marriage were __________ by their parents.
A. arranged B. tied C. fixed D. made
13. We all felt __________ of the _________child.
A. tired; tiresome B. tired; tiring C. tireless, tired D. tiresome; tiring
14. ________ in sign language, they both can understand very well.
A. Communicate B. Communicated
C. To communicate D. Communicating
15. The police will _________ her address.
A. assist you into finding B. assist you at finding
C. assist you in finding D. assist you to finding