作者：張慶
1. frightened; afraid
1) A ________ boy is crying.
2) I'm ________ I can't go to the cinema. My mother is sick.
3) The little girl is ________ to go out alone at night.
4) He was too ________ to speak.
2． none；no one
1) ________ of those buses go there.
2) -Are there any pictures in this book?
- ________ .
3) There was ________ here a few minutes ago.
3. real; true
1) It is _______that he has left London.
2) I'm learning to skate on ______ ice.
3) The old woman told me a _______story.
4． found; founded
1） After months of digging, they ________ very little gold.
2） She has already ________ her dictionary.
3） When was the PRC ________ ?
5. hear of; hear about; hear from
1) I've not ________ him for several weeks.
2) I've ________ him, but I don't know him.
3) I have never ________ his story before.
6. thanks to; thanks for
1） ________ John's kind help, we finished the work early.
2) ______ your good wishes.
3) But ______ space satellites the world is becoming a much smaller place.
答案與精析：
1．1) frightened 2) afraid 3) afraid 4) frightened
frightened 指突如其來(lái)的"震驚"。既可作表語(yǔ)，又可作定語(yǔ)。 afraid 多用于習(xí)慣地、經(jīng)常地"懼怕"某些事，泛指一種恐懼心理，只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。
2． 1） None 2） None 3） no one
none 與 no one 都可表示"沒有人"。none可以用于人，也可以用于物，意思是"一個(gè)人也沒有或沒有任何東西"。 no one 只能用于人，意思是"誰(shuí)也不，沒有人"，口語(yǔ)中常用，而且比none的意味強(qiáng)得多。none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式都可以，如強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況，多用單數(shù)形式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。no one 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。回答how many 或how much問句用none; 回答who問句用no one 或nobody。
3. 1) true 2) real 3) true
real 表示"真的"，"真實(shí)的"，"名副其實(shí)的"，指的是客觀存在，并非想象和虛構(gòu)的，它是與"無(wú)"相對(duì)而言的。true是指"真正的"，"真實(shí)的"，強(qiáng)調(diào)與事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符。它是與"假"相對(duì)而言的。
4． 1） found 2） found 3） founded
found 既是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的find 的過去式和過去分詞，本身又是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，意思是"建立"。founded 為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞found 的過去式和過去分詞。
5. 1) heard from 2) heard of 3)heard about / heard of
hear of 指聽別人說(shuō)起或提及某人或某事，即間接"聽說(shuō)"。hear about表示"聽到......的詳情"，常與hear of 換用。hear from "收到......的來(lái)信或信息"，介詞賓語(yǔ)可以是人或地方。
6. 1) Thanks to 2) Thanks for 3) thanks to
thanks to意思是"多虧"、"由于"。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)多表達(dá)一種原因。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可位于句末，也可位于句首。thanks for是一個(gè)客套用語(yǔ)，意為"因......而感謝"，這里thanks可改為thank you。