1.manners
1)方式[C)通常用作單數(shù)“……地”
The sheets are usually folded in this manner．被單常制是這樣折疊的。
2)態(tài)度，樣子(多作復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)可加不定冠詞)
I don't like his manner． 我不喜歡他的態(tài)度。
3)習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗，禮貌(多作復(fù)數(shù))
It's bad manners to stare at people． 瞪著眼睛看別人是不禮貌的。
custom，habit，manners辨析
1）custom “習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗”，多用來指“國(guó)家，社會(huì)”的風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可以表示某人的“習(xí)慣”，常指因長(zhǎng)期延續(xù)而固定下來的風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣。如：
Social customs are different in different countries.社會(huì)風(fēng)俗各國(guó)不同。
It was Tom's custom to get up early and go for a walk before breakfast．
湯姆的習(xí)慣是很早起床，并且在早餐以前散步。
2)habit“習(xí)慣”，指?jìng)�(gè)人經(jīng)常所做之事而不易放棄。
He has a habit of early rising．他有早起的習(xí)慣。
3)manners指“習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗，禮貌”時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，它既可用以指habit，也可用以指custom，它的意義介于habit和custom之間，可與custom連用。如： manners and customs 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣
2．beside，besides
1)beside prep．(=by the side of; close to；near)在……旁邊
Put the cases beside mine when they are ready．把箱子準(zhǔn)備好后放在我的箱子旁邊。
2)besides adv.“此外、還有”
It’s too late to go out now．Besides，it's starting to rain．現(xiàn)在出去太晚了，況且已開始下雨了。
3．mean to do，mean doing
1) mean to do 打算干某事
I mean to talk with him about it.我打算就此事和他談?wù)劇?/p>
2) mean doing 意味著
I’ll not wait if it means delaying more than two days．如果那意味著將耽誤兩天多，我就不等了。
3)mean sb．to do sth．打算讓某人干某事
I don't mean you to read this letter．我不打算讓你讀這封信。
4)means 手段、方法(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)
by this means=in this way=with this method通過這種方法
I’1l do the job by this means．我將用這種方法做這項(xiàng)工作。
by means of 用……方法
Thoughts are expressed by means of words．思想用語言來表達(dá)。
by no means 決不、一點(diǎn)也不
She is by no means poor，in fact，she's quite rich．她一點(diǎn)也不窮，實(shí)際上她很有錢。
by all means(=Of course，certainly) 當(dāng)然可以
“Can I see it?”“By all means．”--我可以看看嗎? --當(dāng)然可以。
4．drink to，drink a toast
drink to …“為……干杯、為……祝酒”其中to是介詞．
Let's drink to the success of your schoo1．讓我們?yōu)槟銓W(xué)校的成功干杯。
Let's drink to the happiness of the bride and bridegroom．讓我們?yōu)樾吕珊托履锏男腋８杀?/p>
drink a toast 祝酒、敬酒(=toast v．)
Having good table manners means knowing，for example，how to use knives and forks，when to drink a toast (to toast)and how to behave yourself at the table．
在餐桌上，“懂禮節(jié)”意味著你知道如何使用刀叉、何時(shí)祝酒以及如何在進(jìn)餐時(shí)舉止得當(dāng)。
Let's drink a toast to your health!讓我們舉杯祝你健康!
5．start，start with
start(=begin)一般情況下start doing sth．=start to do sth．
如:He started learning／to learn English when he was only three．他三歲就開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。
但下列三種情況只能用start to do sth．
a)當(dāng)主語是物而不是人時(shí)。如：
The ice started to melt．冰開始融化了。 ．
b)當(dāng)start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如：
She is starting to cook the dinner．她正開始做飯。
c)當(dāng)start后面的非謂語動(dòng)詞指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)(如:think，realize, wonder, understand...)時(shí)。如：
She started to wonder who had done it. 她開始(感到)納悶，這件事究竟是誰做的。
start with 從(以)……開始
A western dinner usually starts with a small dish called a starter．西餐通常以一道叫做開胃小菜開始。
注意：to start with 還可作插入語，意為“首先、第一點(diǎn)”。如：
We can't go．To start with，it is too cold．Besides，we don’t have enough money．我們不能去了。首先，天太冷；此外，我們沒有足夠的錢。
6．introduce v．介紹、引進(jìn)(introduction, n．)
introduce sb．to sb．把某人介紹給某人
The teacher has just introduced the new pupil to the rest of the class．老師剛向班上其他同學(xué)介紹了那位新同學(xué)。
introduce oneself 自我介紹
Let me introduce myself to you all．讓我向你們大家作自我介紹。
注意：其后不跟雙賓語，即沒有“introduce sb．sth．”這種表達(dá)法類似的詞還有explain， suggest等。
introduce a new idea(technique．．．)引入一種新思想(技術(shù)……)
I hope that they will soon introduce new techniques to reduce the pollution．我希望他們?cè)缧┮M(jìn)降低污染的新技術(shù)。
7．impression 壓痕、印象 腳印常用 “footprint” 或 “footmark’’表示。
What were your first impressions of London?你對(duì)倫敦的最初印象如何?
常見的詞組：
make a good impression 留下好印象
First impressions are half the battle．[諺]最初的印象最深刻；先入為主。
Give sb．a(chǎn) favorable impression 給某人以好印象
Give one's impression of 陳述自己對(duì)……的印象
Make an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象；給人以……影響
Make no impression on 對(duì)……無影響(效果)
8.unfold
unfold是由表否定前綴un+fold構(gòu)成的。表否定的前綴還有：
dis---disappear，discourage，disappoint
in-(il-，im-，ir-)--independent，informal，illegal，impolite， irregular
un---unknown，unlock，unhappy，untie，unfair
mis---mistake，misunderstand，misspell non---nonsmoker，nonstop
9．follow v．
1)跟隨
He followed the old man into the building．他跟隨那老人進(jìn)了大樓。
Spring follows winter．冬去春來。
注意：following與followed不同 ’
He came in，following the teacher．他跟著老師進(jìn)來。
He came in，followed by the teacher．他走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著老師。
2)遵循、遵照、聽從、仿效
follow one’s advice聽從某人的建議
Follow the instruction on the bottle．照瓶子上的說明做。
3)聽懂、聽清
I don't quite follow you．Will you speak slowly?
我聽不太清，請(qǐng)慢點(diǎn)說好嗎?(don't不能用can't；can't表示無能力聽清。)
4)follow the example of…(=learn from)向……學(xué)習(xí)
We must follow the example of Lei Feng．我們必須向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)。
5)as follows 如下 He explained it as follows．他做了如下解釋。